Difference: TextFormattingFAQ (9 vs. 10)

Revision 102001-09-15 - MikeMannix

 Text Formatting FAQ

The most frequently asked questions about text formatting are answered. Also, TextFormattingRules contains the complete TWiki shorthand system on one quick reference page.


How do I make a separator?

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You can make a horizontal separator by entering three dashes at the beginning of a line: ---.
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Create a separator - a horizontal rule - by entering three dashes at the beginning of a blank line: ---. You can enter more than three if you like, for a more visible separator in edit mode:
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How do I create a heading?

You can create six sizes of headings - <h1>...<h6> in HTML - by typing, from the beginning of a line, three dashes (-), from one to six plus signs (+), a space, and your heading text. The FAQ questions on this page are created with: ---+++ Have a question?.

  • You can insert a nested table of contents, generated from headings, by placing %TOC% wherever you like on a page (see TWikiVariables for more %TOC% options).


Text enclosed in angle brackets like <filename> is not displayed. How can I show it as it is?

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TWiki interprets text as HTML. The '<' and '>' characters are used to define HTML commands. Text contained in angle brackets is interpreted by the browser if it's a valid HTML instruction, or ignored if it isn't - either way, the brackets and its contents are not displayed.
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TWiki interprets text as HTML, and the '<' and '>' characters define where HTML commands start and end. Text inside angle brackets is treated as HTML, and ignored if it doesn't actually do anything - either way, the brackets and its contents are not displayed.
  If you want to display angle brackets, enter them as HTML codes instead of typing them in directly:
  • &lt; = <
    &gt; = >

  • You enter: (a &gt; 0)

    Result: (a > 0)


Some words appear highlighted, with a "?" link at the end. How can I prevent that?

A question mark after a word is a link to a topic that doesn't yet exist - click it to create the new page. This is a TWiki feature - typing a MeaningfulTitle in a comment is an invitation for someone else to add a new branch to the topic.

To prevent auto-linking - say you want to enter a word like JavaScript (the proper spelling!) - prefix the WikiStyleWord with the special TWiki HTML tag <nop>:

  • <nop>WikiStyleWord displays as WikiStyleWord


How can I write fixed font text?

The quickest way is to enclose the text in equal signs:

  • You enter: Proportional text, =fixed font=, proportional again.

    Result: Proportional text, fixed font, proportional again.


Text I enter gets wrapped around. How can I keep the formatting as it is?

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TWiki interprets text as HTML, so you can use the preformatted HTML text option to keep the new line of text as is. Enclose the text in <pre> </pre>, or in TWiki's own <verbatim> </verbatim> tags:
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TWiki interprets text as HTML, so you can use the preformatted HTML option to keep the new line of text as is. Enclose the text in <pre> </pre>, or in TWiki's own <verbatim> </verbatim> tag:
 
This text will keep its format as it is:
<verbatim>
  Unit	  Price	Qty  Cost
  -------  ------  ---  ------
  aaa		 12.00	 3	36.00
</verbatim>
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The pre tag is standard HTML; verbatim is a special TWiki tag that also forces text to fixed font mode, and also prevents other tags and TWiki shortcuts from being expanded.
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The pre tag is standard HTML; verbatim is a special TWiki tag that forces text to fixed font mode, and also prevents other tags and TWiki shortcuts from being expanded.
 

How do I create tables?

There are three possibilities:

  1. Use Wiki rule with "|" vertical bars.
  2. Use HTML tables with <table>, <tr>, <td> tags.
  3. Use preformatted text with <verbatim> tags.

1. Use Wiki rule with "|" vertical bars

  • Example text:
    | cell A1 | cell B1 | cell C1 |
    | cell A2 | cell B2 | cell C2 |
  • Example output:
    cell A1 cell B1 cell C1
    cell A2 cell B2 cell C2

2. Use HTML tables with <table>, <tr>, <td> tags

This is a manual process using HTML commands.

You enter:

<table border="1">
  <tr>
	 <th> Head A  </th> <th> Head B  </th>
  </tr><tr>
	 <td> Cell A2 </td> <td> Cell B2 </td>
  </tr><tr>
	 <td> Cell A3 </td> <td> Cell B3 </td>
  </tr>
</table>

Result:

Head A Head B
Cell A2 Cell B2
Cell A3 Cell B3

3. Use preformatted text with <verbatim> tags

See "Text enclosed..."


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Can I include images and pictures?

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Can I include images on a page?

 
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Yes, this is possible. The easiest way of including images is to attach a GIF, JPG or PNG file to a topic and then to include it with text %ATTACHURL%/myImage.gif . FileAttachment has more.
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Yes. The easiest way is to attach a GIF, JPG or PNG file to a topic and then to place it with: %ATTACHURL%/myImage.gif. This works only for the page that the image is attached to.
 
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There are actually two ways of including inline images.
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To place an image on any page, ther are two ways of including inline images.
  1. Using URL ending in .gif, .jpg, .jpeg, .png
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This is a simple and automatic way of including inline images. Simply write the URL of the image file, this will create the inline image for you. Note: The images must be accessible as a URL.
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This is a simple and automatic way of including inline images. Simply write the URL of the image file, this will create the inline image for you. NOTE: The images must be accessible as a URL.
 
  • You enter: TWiki http://twiki.oats.inaf.it/twiki/pub/wikiHome.gif logo.
    Result: TWiki wikiHome.gif logo.
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You can upload images directly to your server with FTP access. You can also attach image files to a topic - you could even create a dedicated image topic, like ImageLibrary - and then link to the images directly:
  • Attach pic.gif to Someweb.SomeTopic
    Display with http://twiki.oats.inaf.it/twiki/pub/Someweb/SomeTopic/pic.gif
 2. Using <img> tag
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This is a manual process where you have more control over the rendering of the image. Use the <img> tag of HTML to include GIF, JPG and PNG files. Note: The display of the topic is faster if you include the WIDTH and HEIGHT parameters that have the actual image size. http://www.htmlhelp.com/reference/wilbur/special/img.html has more on inline images.
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This is a manual process where you have more control over the rendering of the image. Use the <img> tag of HTML to include GIF, JPG and PNG files. Note: The display of the topic is faster if you include the WIDTH and HEIGHT parameters that have the actual image size. http://www.htmlhelp.com/reference/wilbur/special/img.html has more on inline images.
 
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  • You enter: TWiki <img src="http://twiki.oats.inaf.it/twiki/pub/wikiHome.gif" width="46" height="50" /> logo.
    Result:
    TWiki logo.
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  • You enter: TWiki <img src="http://twiki.oats.inaf.it/twiki/pub/wikiHome.gif" width="46" height="50" border="0" alt="logo" /> logo.
    Result:
    TWiki logo logo.
 

Can I write colored text?

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Sure. The quickest way is to use the <font color="colorCode"> and </font> tags - they're HTML tags that work in any browser, (although they've been phased in the latest version).
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Sure. The quickest way is to go <font color="colorCode">colorize</font> - font is an HTML tag that works in any browser, although it's been phased out in the latest HTML specs.
 
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You can also use a style attribute: style="color:#ff0000", placed in most HTML tags - span is an all-purpose choice: "<span style="color:#ff0000">.
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You can also use the up-to-date style attribute - ex: style="color:#ff0000" - placed in most HTML tags. span is an all-purpose choice: "<span style="color:#ff0000">CoLoR</span>. Only old (like 3.x IE & NS) browsers have a problem with style.
  "colorCode" is the hexadecimal RGB color code, which is simply Red, Green and Blue values in hex notation (base 16, 0-F). For pure red, the RGB components are 255-0-0 - full red (255), no green or blue. That's FF-0-0 in hex, or "#ff000=" for Web page purposes. For a basic color selection (you can StandardColor names instead of hex code in the =font tag only):

Black: "#000000" Green: "#008000" Silver: "#c0c0c0" Lime: "#00ff00"
Gray: "#808080" Olive: "#808000" White: "#ffffff" Yellow: "#ffff00"
Maroon: "#800000" Navy: "#000080" Red: "#ff0000" Blue: "#0000ff"
Purple: ="#800080"= Teal: "#008080" Fuchsia: "#ff00ff" Aqua: "#00ffff"

  • You enter: <font color="#ff0000"> Red color </font> draws attention.

    Result: Red color draws attention.


-- PeterThoeny - 13 Sep 2001
-- MikeMannix - 14 Sep 2001

 
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